NASA Robonaut 2 by NASA / GM NASA (nasa.gov)
Enterprise Upper-Body Humanoid

NASA Robonaut 2

by NASA / GM · February 2011

NASA Robonaut 2 (R2) is a dexterous humanoid robot developed jointly by NASA and General Motors for operations aboard the International Space Station. R2 is the first humanoid robot in space, designed to assist astronauts with routine maintenance and tasks in microgravity environments.

SL 8: Skilled Performs multi-step physical tasks. Manipulates objects, uses tools, and learns new skills from demonstration
Use cases: Industrial
Price not publicly available

Capabilities

Object Manipulation Built-in AI Remote Operation Task Learning

Specifications

Physical

Height 100 cm (waist up)
Weight 150 kg

Performance

Degrees of Freedom 42 DoF
Arm Speed 2 m/s
Payload 9 kg per arm
Hand Dexterity 12 DoF per hand, tendon-driven

Sensing & Perception

Sensors 350+ (force, torque, position, tactile, cameras)

Computing & AI

Processor 38 PowerPC processors

Connectivity

Connectivity Ethernet (ISS LAN), telemetry link

Safety & Environment

Operating Environment International Space Station (microgravity)
Safety Features Series elastic actuators, force limiting

Control

Control Methods Teleoperation from ground, semi-autonomous

Pricing and Availability

Enterprise

This robot is only available to enterprise customers and commercial partners. Contact the manufacturer directly for pricing, availability, and licensing terms.

Pricing has not been publicly disclosed by NASA / GM. Check the manufacturer's website for the latest information.

AI, Data & Privacy

Strong - all data stays on the device

This robot processes and stores all data locally on the device itself. No personal data leaves the hardware, which provides the strongest level of data protection for EU residents under GDPR. There is no cross-border data transfer risk.

AI Brain
38 PowerPC processors with semi-autonomous control system
Your Data Goes To
On-device
GDPR
Unconfirmed
You Can Configure
Limited

How to keep it private

Works offline
Offline

All computing runs on 38 PowerPC processors housed in the torso. Semi-autonomous operation does not require constant ground control. Communication with ground occurs via ISS LAN (Ethernet) and telemetry link, but the robot can execute pre-programmed tasks independently. Returned to Earth for repairs in May 2018.

Available privacy controls

NASA secure network isolation

All data remains within NASA secure network infrastructure, isolated from public internet

ISS LAN isolation

Communication occurs only over the ISS local area network with authenticated ground control links

Ground control authentication

Operators must be authenticated through NASA mission control systems to access the robot

Privacy tip

Robonaut 2 is a government research platform operating exclusively within NASA secure infrastructure. All data stays within NASA networks. This is not a consumer or commercial product. Privacy is managed entirely by NASA operational security protocols. No personal or civilian data is collected or processed.

What this means for EU residents
Data location On-device
EU processing Not available
GDPR Unconfirmed

All computing on 38 PowerPC processors housed in torso. Communication via ISS LAN (Ethernet) and telemetry link to ground control. Data stays within NASA secure network infrastructure. Returned to Earth for repairs in May 2018.

What the AI can do 7 capabilities
teleoperationsemi-autonomous-operationdexterous-manipulationtactile-sensingtool-usetask-executionstatus-monitoring
Security features 3 features
  • nasa-secure-network
  • iss-lan-isolation
  • ground-control-authentication
Configurability details Limited

Operated via telepresence from ISS crew or ground controllers. Semi-autonomous mode for routine tasks with periodic status checks. No public SDK. NASA/GM joint development with restricted access.

Research notice

The information above is compiled from manufacturer documentation, published privacy policies, independent security research, and community findings as of the dates listed in our sources. AI capabilities, privacy features, and data handling practices may change with firmware updates or policy revisions. We make every effort to be accurate, but errors are possible. Always do your own research before purchasing. Check the manufacturer's latest privacy policy and terms of service directly for the most current information.

Sources

All information on this page is based on the following sources. Links open in a new tab.

  1. NASA Robonaut Project Page - accessed 2026-03-01
  2. NASA Robonaut 2 Overview - accessed 2026-03-01
  3. Robonaut 2 Wikipedia - accessed 2026-03-29
  4. Robonaut 2 IEEE Spectrum - accessed 2026-03-29
  5. NASA Privacy Policy - accessed 2026-03-29